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A proxy, also known as a proxy is also known for its role as a proxy. is software that acts in the role of intermediaries between client and server on the internet. If there was no proxy in place, the user would send a request for any resource directly to the server, and servers would deliver any requested resources directly to the client. Although this method is easy to comprehend and use, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages including increased performance, privacy and security, and so on. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy servers act as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




The consensus is that the system of servers that are equipped with proxy software is also often referred as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically categorized as software, and specifically with respect to web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two major types of proxies which are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing because of the same name convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxies, their subtypes are, as well as their importance for common setups. After reading this article, you'll be able to know the scenarios where you may benefit from a proxy and determine the best alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy acts as an agent for the user who wishes to send a request via the internet to an source server. In this instance, any attempt to send requests made by the user will be handled by this forward proxy. A forward proxy in the place of the client will review the request. It first decides if the client is legally authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then either reject any request, or redirect it to the server that originated it. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet; it is only able to access the information that the forward proxy gives it access to.




A very popular applications for forward proxy servers is increased security or privacy on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet in lieu of a specific client and can use another IP address, in contrast to the IP address that is used by the user.




Based on the way it's configured depending on how it's set up forward proxy can provide a range of features that allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine restrictions based on location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to offer central security and permit-based access to the internet, for instance in a workplace. If all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet. The web is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls on the client layer that could include multiple machines with different configurations and users, a firewall could be placed at the front proxy layer.




Remember that forward proxies must be set up manually for use while reverse proxies could be not recognized in the eyes of the user. According to the type of IP address of the client, it is transmitted to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, security and privacy can be granted or made transparent.




There are many choices to be considered for forward proxy:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source webserver which has forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the whole web server. We recommend you read our article about the best method for installing Squid proxy to enable private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more appropriate for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also check out how to configure a Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a web server, which takes care of requests from customers on behalf of the server. This server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. It could also comprise an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these instances the request will be made via the web at large. In the majority of cases, the request is sent directly to the web server with all the resources the user requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and separates your website server from communicating with the internet's users.




From the point of the client's point of reverse proxy use is not different from connecting directly to an internet server. It's functionally identical, however clients aren't aware of the difference. The client makes a request for the resource, and receives it, with no additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer various features, including:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Controlling traffic inbound using rules that you can establish.


A new feature to cache has been added.




Central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxy providers provide this feature only to only the server layer, not the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers allows them to concentrate solely on delivering the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers hosted by reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests towards the servers. Multiple web servers could be serving the same resource, or serving various kinds of resources, or a mix of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol as a normal web server, however they may also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that routes clients to specific servers based on the request for resource, or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers, by providing the ability to cache. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent reaching web servers each time a request is made. There are options that provide an option to serve static content directly without having to communicate with a webserver. Additionally, reverse proxy can manage compressing these files.




The renowned Nginx webserver is known as a wildly popular reverse proxy choice. It is true that it is true that the Apache web server is able to use the ability to reverse proxy as an added feature available to Apache However, Nginx was initially designed and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the perception of directionality, they can lead to false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic could be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle requests and respond. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers is to analyze the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is a vital feature in the development of a method to run web applications on the internet. They function as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful in displaying customer information for your own use, or even in a workplace. They are a way to display the information of your client whenever you interact on the internet.




A distinction based on use case rather than focusing only on naming conventions that are similar can help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy, with two kinds of proxy being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to identify forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the role in proxy server, you can learn how to set up Nginx as web service and reverse proxy within Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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