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An proxy or proxy server is a software that sits acting as an intermediary for client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client would send a request for resources directly the server, and the server would provide direct to the client. Although this method is easy to understand and use, adding proxies offers advantages in the form of increased performance, privacy and security, among other things. As an additional layer passing through, proxies act as a safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the combined combination of server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is commonly called proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers which are generally described as software as well as those used together with web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two main types of proxies: those that are a forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own usage that can cause confusion due to the same terminology.




This article will give you an idea of the types of proxies and subtypes they are, as well as their benefits in a range of configurations. Through the article you will understand how to identify the scenarios where proxies are beneficial, and determine the most appropriate option for forward proxy or reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known in the context of the open proxy is a proxy for a client who attempts to make an online request to a server. In this case, the whole request sent by the client will rather be controlled by the forward proxy. Forward proxy in its place as the customer, will examine the request. It will first verify if the client has been authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. It then will reject a request and forward it to the original server. The client has no direct access directly to internet. It is able to access only the information that the forward proxy permits the client to connect.




One of the most common uses for forward proxies is greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet in place of a client, and during this process, it uses an alternate IP address from that of the client's original IP address.




Based on how it was configured according to the method of configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions depending on how it's set up, allowing users to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine the restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that rely on central security and permission based access, for instance at workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an common forward proxy layer the administrator can restrict access for only a select set of users to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer which could comprise a range of computers with different environments and users there is the possibility to have an firewall that is located in the front proxy layer.




It is important to remember the fact that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for use, whereas reverse proxies may be hidden from clients. Depending on the type of IP address the client is passed on to the server that created it through forward proxy privacy and security can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a myriad of alternatives to consider for forward proxies




Apache: A popular open-source web server offering forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server, which has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete website server software. We have instructions on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections with Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for applications such as peer-to -peer traffic. You can also understand how to configure the Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an agent for web servers that handle incoming requests by clients on behalf of. Web servers can comprise a single server or a number of servers. Additionally, it could serve as an app server such as Gunicorn. In both cases, the request comes from an internet user in general. In the majority of cases your request is sent directly to the web server which has all the resources the client requires. In contrast reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, and separates Web server from direct contact with the internet.




From the consumer's point of view, interacting with reverse proxy is not any different from interacting with an internet server direct. It's basically the same however the user cannot be able to discern the difference. The client asks for the resource, and it then gets it without any extra configuration that must be completed by the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




A centralized layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules that you can set up.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxies, reverse proxies provide this only to the server layer, but not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers which can contain many servers and different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from customers who aren't connected to web servers permits the firewall to focus on delivering the needs of their customers.




In the event of several servers running in a reverse proxy, it manages controlling which requests go towards which servers. There are many web servers running from the same host and serving different types of resources or a combination of both. They use the HTTP protocol just like a conventional web server. However, they could also be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can configure a reverse proxy to direct the clients to specific servers depending on the type of resource they are seeking, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to gain advantages from their positioning prior to web servers, through providing caching functionality. Large static assets can to be configured using caching rules to avoid having to connect with web servers every time you request. Certain software solutions allow you to deliver static files directly without touching the web server even once. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy option. Although it is true that the Apache website server also fitted with an reverse proxy, it is an additional option for Apache however Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, they can lead to misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. It could be confusing because both types of proxies handle requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy service is to consider the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy is a great option when you are creating a solution for offering web-based services on the internet. They function as servers in any interactions through the Internet.




Forward proxy applications can be advantageous when placed in front of the client for personal use as well as in an office context. They represent your clients whenever you use the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions will assist in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a proxy is along with two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the implementation of proxies, you can learn how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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