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An proxy, also known as a proxy server often referred to as the proxy server, is software which acts as a mediator between client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would serve that resource to its user directly. While this process is simple to comprehend and implement using proxies, it can bring benefits in the form of increased performance and privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing a layer of protection, a proxy acts as a security guard to the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the set of server hardware and proxy software is commonly referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we will concentrate on proxy servers which are usually defined as software, and also in the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two primary types of proxy servers: the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to a similar the namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of the different types of proxy and what their subtypes are, as well as their significance in common setups. After reading the article you'll be able to understand what circumstances where a reliable proxy could be useful and pick the right option between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also called an open proxy, also known as an open serves as an intermediary between a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will be sent directly to forward-proxy. A forward proxy, acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. First, it will determine if the client is allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then deny any request, or send it to the original server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It has access to only the web pages that forward proxy grants it access to.




One of the most frequent reasons for forward proxy is to gain greater privacy or security while using the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a client and in this process, it uses an alternate IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.




Based on how it was configured, based on the way it's configured forward proxy can provide different features depending upon the configuration that allow users to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based on your geographical area.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, like at the workplace. Internet traffic can go through an open forward proxy. an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain users to the internet, which is protected by a standard firewall. As opposed to having firewalls in place on the client layer, which can include multiple devices with various configurations and users, there is the option to install a firewall at the front proxy layer.




Note that forward proxy settings must be manually set up to use however reverse proxies will be ignored by the client. Depending on whether the IP address of the user is sent to the server from where it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept secret.




There are many choices to be considered for forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Check out our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to know how to configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of all requests received from customers on behalf of. The web server can represent a single or a number of servers. It could additionally be an app server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, the request for an application is received by a user on the internet. Most of the time, the request would be directed directly to the web server along with the information that the client is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that isolates your server from interaction with the open internet.




From the point of view of the individual client's viewpoint, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from communicating with Web server in direct contact. It's exactly the same however the client can't tell the difference. Client requests an item, and it is then followed by the receipt, without any additional configurations required for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers offer options like:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules that you can decide to define.


New feature added to caching.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxy adds this function to the web server layer but not to the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server level, which can contain a variety of servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients far from web servers permits them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers existing through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests will go through which server. There may be several web servers providing the same content, each providing different types of services, or a mix of the two. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol, which is a typical web server, but can contain other protocols used by application servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server depending on the resource requested or to comply with specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement on top of web servers, by providing the ability to cache information. Large static assets can be set up with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Some solutions providing the option to serve static content directly without contacting servers on the internet in any manner. Additionally the reverse proxy is able to handle compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a popular reverse proxy service. Although there is a similar feature within the Apache web server, it has a reverse proxy features as an added feature available to Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed for and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" along with "reverse" conveys the notion of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. The best method to distinguish between both reverse and forward proxies is to study the specifications of the application that you're building.




A reverse proxy could be useful when designing a solution to serve applications that are online. They are your servers when you use the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when placed before customers for the purpose of your own use or in a business environment. They are a representation of your customer's traffic through any interaction via the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions could help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of a proxy is with the two main kinds that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the benefits were used to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how proxies are implemented You can read our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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