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It's also known as a proxy or proxy server. is a server-related software that serves as an intermediary between a clients and servers via the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a customer could make a request for or resource to the server directly, and the server would then serve direct the resource requested to the client. Although this is a simple process to understand and apply using proxies, it can provide advantages in the form of more performance, privacy, security, and much more. As a pass-through layer the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the bundled mix of the server hardware as well as software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically thought of as software, and those that are used to complement web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two major types of proxies: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own specific usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar naming convention.




This article will give you some understanding about what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as what they can accomplish for common setups. Through this article, you will be able to identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy can be advantageous, and then choose the right solution between reverse and forward proxy to suit your needs in any given circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy, is also known as open proxy open proxy is the client's representative that is trying to send requests via the internet to a server that originated. In this case, the entire request to send it from the client will be handled by the forward proxy. In this situation this forward-proxy acting instead of the user will look over the request. The first step is to establish which client has the authority to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It then will reject the request as well as forward it to the original server. The client is not able to establish a direct connection to the internet. It can only reach what the forward proxy gives the client access.




The most frequent reasons for forward proxy is greater privacy or anonymity online. Forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet place of a client and could use an alternate IP address that is different from the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Depending on how they were configured in the past, forward proxy servers can perform a variety of tasks and let you:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and allow access based on permissions for instance, at work. When all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy layer administrators can allow access only to specific individuals to access the web. This is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer, which may comprise a variety of devices that are different in environments and users the firewall could be placed at the intermediate layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual configuration for use, but reverse proxies are ignored by the client. Based on whether or not an IP address from a customer is transmitted to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and security could be granted or ignored.




There are several possibilities to investigate for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide an entire web server service. We've got a guide on how you can configure Squid proxy for private connection on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better appropriate for scenarios such as with peer-to-peer traffic. You can also examine how you can configure a Dante proxy to connect privately using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent of a web server, handling the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. This web server may consist of a single server or multiple servers. It may also act for application servers such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request may come from a client via the internet at large. In the majority of cases the request will be sent directly to the server hosting the services the customer is in need of. Reverse proxy is an intermediary, separating Web servers from direct interaction with the internet.




From a client's perspective that is the user's perspective, interfacing with reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting to your webserver directly. It's the same thing, however clients can't discern the distinction. The customer makes a request for an item and receives it without any additional configuration needed to be performed by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide features, like:




A centralized layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules you can create.


A new feature for caching is now available.




Central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxies provide this service to this layer of the internet server rather than the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the layer of web servers, which might contain several servers that have different configurations, a majority of firewall security can be focused on this layer. In addition, the absence of interfacing with firewalls and also interacting with the requests of clients from web servers enables them to concentrate on the needs of their customers.




If there are several servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also handles the way requests are routed to which server. Many web servers may be providing the same content however, they each serve different kinds of resources, or some mix of them. These servers may use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however, they might also use applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the requested resource, or to observe certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also make use of their position on top of web servers by providing caching capabilities. Large static files can be set by using caching rules that prevent the web server from being hit with every request and some solutions even offer the possibility of providing static files directly without touching the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy could handle the compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. Although it is true that the Apache webserver is also equipped with a reverse proxy feature, it is an additional option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed for and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because both types of proxies handle both responses and requests. Instead, a better way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the needs of the app you're developing.




A reverse proxy can be helpful in the design of solutions that serve web-based applications via the internet. They represent your web servers in all interactions on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of client traffic to your personal use, or in a work environment. They represent your client traffic when you use the internet.




Differentiating by use case as opposed to focusing only on similar naming conventions will assist you in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is, with the two major types being the reverse and forward proxy. Examples of practical applications as well as an analysis of important characteristics were used to define forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxies you can check out our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy with Apache running on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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